Community and cultural groups have the right to debate - Qin Hui A reader

 Community and cultural groups have the right answers readers
Debate mm Qin Hui Guests: Qin Hui (Tsinghua University, Professor, Department of History)
Moderator: History of British
Time: May 13, 2006
on ; culture and system > Qin Hui: Culture without the abilities to see how you defined. like us before the reform, the cultural understanding of the superstructure for a specific system, that compete with the culture, of course, there is. For example: capitalism culture than the culture of feudalism must be high, but at that time, we do not put the value of culture and special national selection same, that is when we were talking about Chinese culture, Western culture and so on. because both China and the West, they have experienced the evolution of different systems, and now we emphasize the culture, the problem has been mainly a national character, or the specific choice of every nation, special interests, in this sense is certainly not compete with the culture. For example: Chinese and Western food Chinese medicine and Western medicine, they should not compete with that, but, since these should not be everyone's choice compete with the points, then give each person the freedom of choice to be a desirable It is not allowed to have this freedom than the system better. This is what I say not compete with the culture, the system has advantages and disadvantages. For example, not compete with Chinese food and western food, but eating free food is better than authoritarian regime. as analogy.
beyond the people: Your Culture, compete with the proposition, established the premise that? If you do not define this premise, we can easily misread.
Qin Hui: the history, narrow concept.
Qin Hui: meaning of a concept defined by the people, since it is proposed to discuss the concept, and that logic can not be messy. You should also be expanded definition of culture, but culture and the system once relative tolerance, it can not accommodate another phase with the national character. For example, you can say that the Chinese people are like Chinese food, but you can not say that the Chinese dictatorship is like eating. You can say that this system is very good eating authoritarian, But the introduction of Chinese culture from inside the well, there is a problem. because eating Chinese food culture is not authoritarian characteristics, Chinese food is Chinese food culture features. I want to emphasize is: say this not because the Chinese people have no food advocate of tyranny, but because these two on the You have assumed that the Chinese people in the Conversely, if you think Chinese people like to eat Chinese food really is, you can not say Chinese people like to a). So I think that both China and the West there are always some people like to can not tolerate
bark friends: To determine the merits of the system, the need for a standard? culture to judge the abilities are also a standard?
Qin Hui: I think this is a very liberal people like Marx sentence: But I do not see liberals would refuse to accept this standard. As for the preferences, there is no need to set uniform standards established compete with what is, I think that this is not a ?
Qin Hui: I do not understand the culture and preferences if not linked, but also, and what ties together. we talk about such and such, ; Chinese culture is a psychological concept, for me, I tend to think it is common sense.
kimcom: how do you look at the economic and political systems and values of the impact?
Qin Hui: The impact of the political system and values impact on the economy, as are all possible, I do not think that one will be able to unilaterally culture The fair market economy will encourage people to be more recognition of political freedom, but market br> Qin Hui: I have repeatedly expressed mean: I think that this system of relativism said: I advocate the formulation of cultural relativism reverse order: first confirmed cultural strengths and weaknesses. is a cultural logic of power, who's who of the culture is strong and cultural advantages, and how the gradual decline of the culture can not say it is excellent, right? cultural character, actually there is a subtext of cultural logic of power.
Qin Hui: What does cultural power it? example: McDonald's popular in China, it is indeed that of Western Might this be called? If ordered a ban on McDonald's, then this is the implementation of power or against the power it? foot binding is a lot of people are no improvement initiatives were never considered, and the May Fourth period, built on the basis of free choice of the Foot movement is considered significant with the Enlightenment, the difference between the two is that one does not allow the choice, a choice you ban?
you not to mention the national oppression are expressed as forced assimilation. But the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Han rulers in some parts of the south against indigenous women had bound feet, in order to distinguish between assimilation within the Mongols, and forced to marry against deceive the implementation phase marry Han Meng, Yuan Mongol rulers On the contrary, in order to maintain the manifestation of national oppression it? medieval European anti-Semitism, Jews are often forced conversion to Christianity. But Hitler's anti-Semitism on the contrary, he forbade Jews the white house already banned slavery, but they use the black slaves, one of the reasons there have been slavery of Africans, which was to respect their Of course not behavior? historians know that: In fact, the first thing to promote some progress abolitionist whites, they called for universal human rights standards themselves to blacks, which is to promote black liberation, or is to be black, , but rather those who defended slavery black number of blacks support the black civil rights issues, said: the individual . This means that we can not be against Le Pen and his ilk, it is precisely stop talking not talking about assimilation, but also requires this sort are brilliant, of which translations have my order made, please refer to.
a boat far: System and Culture with a high degree of correlation, Qin teachers look at how the relationship between the two?
Qin Hui: I'm just under the definition of culture is not the correlation with the system, this is what I often used in parallel: the Western and Chinese food restaurants do not release free of tyranny, or other diet, foot binding and augmentation of the other beauty treatment can not be launched freedom of choice and the others forced the other; Christianity and Confucianism do not introduce freedom of belief and heresy trial of the other; Chongxian and do not worship to the launch of the ruler of the Yin to the need for the esteem of the public that the election of the other ; and so on.
Mo Flow: You talk about the major non-institutional culture, institutional culture and non-institutional culture, where the main difference?
Qin Hui: I think you said culture is bound to the cultural definition of non-national character, as I mentioned earlier, the reform of the former so-called feudal culture, capitalist culture, as in this sense, talk about culture, do not talk about Western comparison. As I've mentioned: Some people often imposed on Chinese people. This Why? on the Burning of the Books for China in the past there have been sort of thing? Is the West in the past there has been no heresy trial and burned at the stake?
I know some friends like to talk about like to eat Chinese food and Western food is culture, gender, diet free diet is not a culture of autocracy do not, Do not, What refers to the item, where the logic is the same set up. If the Of course, this two different things in you which one is called : But, Qin teachers, institutions and culture should be closely linked to, ah, in the sense that they should be displayed in perfect harmony, a certain system on the formation of a certain culture, certain cultural and heritage into a system. as you say as if the two separated.
Qin Hui: What is thinking of the old is repeated, people may also find that tyranny is granted. but you say Chinese, or autocracy to a constant? then west from the medieval to the modern, so much institutional change, they change the Logically, how can we prove that: long-term eating Chinese food, perhaps on the diet advocated autocracy, and you long to lead you to eat Western food diet advocated free? Well this is simply fails to hold.
the other hand, accustomed to the authoritarian rulers will not want to let the people choose, even if they may not persist in some kind of interpretations (or much of a legalist,UGG bailey button, not the original intent of the interpretation of Confucius and Mencius). Now they'd converted to what the Western intended interpretation). but with the In the species of 1,2-surely say that today is the ancient A, B result. the most thorough A, B may be the long disruption will have a reason to change; but they are also compared with the geographical environment variable mm seems to be successful then there will be a reason for institutional change. But even more important objective is the existence of different geographical environment, this too subjective, so regardless of institutional change can not succeed to get a successful ; did not change, this kinds of causal chains to explain long-time itself is meaningless. I am , especially the long time history of the causal chain, the total probability is very small. Ancient China led to the current 1 A, the West led to present the ancient B 2, or turn, the Chinese did not appear non-1, the West does not appear all that non-2mm None of this is inevitable, and even (say from a long time) can not be said to be a great probability, but time and again choose to It was previously selected effects of sin on the part of the causal chain in terms of the impact may be great, so close to clever. our future. the future is uncertain quality, and this is our responsibility, not the former, but not that long ago the ancients, such as generation of Confucius.
Mo Flow: Where is the vitality of national culture? its There is no strong or weak vitality points? If so, it means that cultural Suiwu advantages and disadvantages, but there are strong or weak, right?
Qin Hui: I said Culture, advantages and disadvantages, pros and cons of actually saying no nationality, This is not so much empirical results, as it is a belief. because I believe that without the merits of national, racial non-pros and cons, and if the . then the reality of history developed in some ethnic groups, and some weak national weakness, which is why? In my opinion, it is their choice at a time in the history of the merits of the decision-making. Of course you can say, after a previous decision on the choice is influential, and therefore reflects the historical cause and effect, but the causal history is the probability of causation, rather than the inevitability of cause and effect, so as to extend the causal chain, the total probability of cause and effect will be close to zero, that is, a: National does not have advantages, but the embodiment of method chosen nation, there should be different from it, but a concrete manifestation of this approach is the cultural, Professor Qin please correct me.
Qin Hui: ; is a fact of experience that we can reflect on the to select our future path. But make value judgments on the fait accompli is not much sense. because of any past, especially the distant past can not decide on any one nation the future, or historians can be telling expert, but I have proved to explain the past history, including an explanation of the distant past, but can not predict the future, in particular, can not predict the distant future, the reason lies in the historical chain of causation significance of regressive.
but It is also because the future is uncertain, it is particularly important to our efforts. If we are destined to perish, to what use? If we are destined to prosper, then lie down and wait for the day got, why should they strive to do ?
on the fight against inference is that Western culture is superior to Chinese culture, modern culture is superior to the ancient culture, this evolutionary point of view is doubtful.
Qin Hui: I agree with your point of view. The question is how this cultural determinism is formed? I am in the important. Second, the basis of national identity. specific culture is to make a nation an important cohesive factor. so at least there exists in the national significance of this phenomenon, culture is very important. For myself, I do not in addition to Chinese herbal medicine very optimistic (which is when I was in the countryside when the production team about the experience when health workers), at least to speak Chinese, eat Chinese food, Chinese New Year Symbols Chinese-style aesthetic, and most of my relatives and friends as well, I am willing to living in their circles, this is the so-called cultural identity. Manqingruguan year after the most intolerable is that forced the Han men and shaved, put female feet, forced to engage cultural transformation. Despite the clear economic and political system and there is no big difference tomorrow, when the vast majority of Han Qing south, including the scholar has also succumbed, but years, full of heaven and earth to resist the Qing bloody campaign. see people in the In theory, advantages and disadvantages, just like I love the mother, not because she was smarter than others richer and more beautiful, or of a noble and what is others are not. is no logical relationship problems, and I love the mother, but I do not need proof of my mother, the merits of hard evidence indeed. For example, as to express the feelings I can praise the diligence and bravery of the Chinese nation, but this as an empirical study, you will need to prove that at least relative to other nations is lazy, cowardly, or diligent, brave How can be your understandable, but he said those in the mother, as well as blood and mother in addition to the resulting feelings of rights - the responsibility between the mother decided to not choose blood, and cultural identity is a choice. the mother of their children's upbringing and their children constitute a sense of obligation to wear - right, not a personality Why blame the right one do not believe the Chinese people believe in Christ or Confucius, but the letter of Marxism. modern state can only seek a legal obligation to do its citizens (taxation, military service, etc.), also belong to his rights, including cultural preferences into account. < br> Culture, merits, not force, but the increased cohesion and importance of the development of a nation, how do? it from the pros and cons of what can be improved (such as system) start to agree with your culture, people can be happy and thus enhance the recognition, but also to attract new partisan, and that this fascist ideology certainly worse than the democratic ideals it. thinking if only involve their own preferences, which relate only to the , but also as the merits of this idea. a thought may have thought these two aspects, for example, I master Zhang Xiaoguo few people, Han Fei Unity, if only to stop here, you never know advantages and disadvantages: a large country in this world there are a small country, you would like to live where it should be differ from each other can not be forced mm such as China is a big country, while Greece is a small country, you can not say that I wrote the Greek culture is inferior to China. The question is what would its way to make others agree with your idea, which involves the at least from the perspective of modern civilization is so human. I think that Han Fei's ideas are bad, not because I do not like the uniform, but because I resent his high-handed kind of unscrupulous ideology of slavery and the others must take the evil enough to thick black advocates.
kimcom: Will the traditional values is not part of the culture?
Qin Hui: traditional values itself is diverse, what value are you referring to? If referring to the Confucian, then there are purely personal Confucian selective value, and some others for how to constrain the system requires, the former belongs to culture, which do not fall under my definition of culture. but this does not mean that the latter should be negated. because this latter category provisions may appear to be desirable in a modern perspective, but in China unite in the system specification at the time, it is probably still the second-best.
kimcom: from the practice point of view, liberal democracy can survive in any culture. But Christian democratic system seems more stable countries such as South Korea.
Qin Hui: South Korea is a Christian country? how many Chinese people now are using the example of Korea to prove that Like many countries, have a cultural diversity, it is difficult to summarize an idea of a religion. But even the Christian nation, it is not historically have been free and democratic system, the reality of modern democracy is indeed in the Christian, especially in Protestant countries produced, but, as I am : Does the teacher has read Renbu Mei Qin's if the original is called China's democracy is impossible. This may be contrary to his intention (many cultural determinist will face a similar predicament). So I think most open to question.
Lu: Thank you. Ren really trying to find the reasons why, but did not give a specific solution. I personally think that is the system of choice or freedom of speech pioneer of democratic reform.
Xiao Wu: Qin Berlin to see how teachers view of negative liberty?
Qin Hui: I answered the question about negative liberty: negative liberty of this proposition, mainly living in the free state of the people how to prevent the loss of freedom. with Hayek's words, is to prevent to the problems. But in many cases, people first must find a order necessary, but only negative freedom is difficult to establish the liberal order. I am in the difficulties, mm liberal order created difficult, difficult here.
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bark friends: freedom is just a person's preferences only, in the pursuit of the maximization of preferences?
Qin Hui: or Zi You just one of mankind's pursuit of all values, not only for the Chinese, Westerners, too, but at the expense of some degree of freedom, whether you can exchange for other value? This requires a basic freedom . analogy, I think the difference between any nation, can not be compared with greater differences between different animals, right? such as ants, bees are social-type animals, they are born collectivist, and the tiger are used to the forest alone, they can be said to be born Both animals are not universal. But, while the ants are just can not survive. If the ants are collectivist grounds outsiders artificially combination of any colony an When combined, such as estrus female and male, lactating mother, you should be the Tiger survival, please note that I say here is that ;, which is probably either the tiger or the ants are applicable for the value of it!
Xiao Wu: What is Enlightenment? I think enlightenment is of a unique taste, in the Western sense of enlightenment can not easily use, whether Kant Foucault's concept of enlightenment, or enlightenment concept, not necessarily suitable for China.
Qin Hui: the so-called Enlightenment, as I understand it is actually a popular choice, universal freedom, but free is clearly a boundary, which brings out in front of the phrase between. The Chinese and Western is the only group with no other CD has the other, or even ...