As long as the information Uighur Uighur population of China are currently about 8.5 million (in 1953 when the first national census 361.05 million; to 1990, the fourth national census, to 721.44 million; according to the 1999 edition Uighurs are mainly located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In particular in Kashgar, Khotan and Aksu region's most concentrated. In addition, Hunan (Taoyuan County, Changde City and), Henan and Beijing and other provinces are also part of the Uighur settlements.
source is a multi-ethnic Uighurs, the main two sources: one is from the Mongolian grasslands Uighur people, the other is the indigenous population on the southern oasis. Some people in these two large-scale convergence in 840 AD to the early 16th century, fully integrated to complete. In the long course of historical development, the Uighur people with diligence and wisdom to create a culture of excellence, a unique ethnic customs.
7th century known as Yuan and Ming dynasties usually translated as Xinjiang Province in 1934, officially the Republic of China provides that
Uygur have their own language. Uyghur is a Turkic Altaic. Historically, the Uighur Turks Looney had used the text, created in accordance with the Uighur Sogdian alphabet letters and Arabic text-based such as Chagatai. Uighur existing text in the late Chagatai improved on the basis of a total of 32 letters, written from right to left cross, known as the Old Uygur. After 1960, the Latin of the text has been the reform created a new dimension text. 1982, reinstated the old Uygur.
Uygur rich literary heritage, handed down for Karma Mahmud of Kashgar in the important position. Epic Xinjiang is a meeting place of ancient Chinese and Western culture gave birth to a glorious civilization, leaving a wealth of historical monuments. Among the more famous ancient sites are: Gaochang city (1st century BC to 13th century), cross River city (2nd century BC to 13th century) and the ancient city of Loulan (3rd century BC to 4th century AD), etc.; Turpan Bozi Creek Thousand Buddha Caves, the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves in Kuqa old haunt is a milestone in the history of Buddhism; Kashgar A Bake and processing tomb (Xiangfei Mu), Id Kah Mosque; Turpan Yimin and processing such as the Tomb is a famous Islamic architecture.
Uighurs historically believed in Shamanism, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism and Buddhism. By the 16th century, Islam ruled out other religions, dominant in the Uighur region, a universal belief in religion. Most Uighurs Muslims of the Sunni Hanafi school of teaching school, there are some factions of people believe in mysticism by Zen School, and a few people believe the Wahabis. Worship in Xinjiang by Zen Mazar important part of school activities. Uighurs are basically the traditional festival religious festivals of Islam, there are Festivals, the Uygur people both men and women dressed in their holiday best, to visit each other congratulations. In the country every year on March 22 also had Uygur attaches great importance to etiquette. Lu-yu elders, friends, have the right hand on his chest, upper body forward, and Road Old guest house to eat or to others, to do your hands touch the face of the religious blessing Sometimes when they do meet each other
Uygur highly distinctive traditional costumes: men wearing sets breasted vest; urban women are now more than a suit jacket and skirt; Uighur men and women like to wear leather shoes and boots, boots plus glial overshoes; men and women are wearing four hats flowers flute; Uygur useful for black and white flower cap embroidered silk color or color pattern into the national style, and some decorated with colored beads; women often earrings, bracelets, necklaces as ornaments, and sometimes toenails, eyebrows connected to form a two-thrush; Uygur girl was long hair as United States, dozens of thin braids hair before marriage, marriage usually two long braids hair change, Bianshao away, do not head for the jewelry crescent comb. Some people will drive system into a fat braid knot. Carpet, Flower Hat, Ed Rice silk, and other folk prints and Yingjisha knife is the most famous Uygur traditional craft products.
Uygur is a singing and dancing people. There are dozens of much folk instruments, including Seoul, and he alone is the most commonly used thermal tile just solo, ensemble instrument. Of the drum is just a sheep with finger tapping drums, dance and music ensemble for accompaniment. Uygur dance very strong mass to light, graceful dance and rapid rotation, changing the characteristics of known art. Large-scale activities, there will be hundreds of people dancing spectacle. Dancers are feeling warm, the audience clapping, shouting encouragement. In rural areas, towns, every festival, wedding, farewell and other festive occasions, guests, must sing and dance. Uygur people in life, There is also a has a unique style of entertainment in the form of traditional
Uygur traditional architecture with a distinct architectural features in arid regions. More than the roof top or flat-topped dome, walls thick, arched windows and doors, small windows and small, large skylights, to light. Puzzle pit house for living, walking, another firewall, stoves, to heating and cooking. Housing more than a square courtyard. Avoid opening the door to west, planting fruit trees around their houses, flowers and trees. Front of the house take the vine, into an arbor. Some houses still wide front porch.
Uygur like to eat a variety of baked flour produced Nang, noodles, fried noodles and so on. Roasted Nang and pilaf is their most common meals, like to eat red meat. There are also kebabs, baked buns, thin-skinned dumplings and other ethnic flavors. Uygur People like to drink milk tea, fruit, fruit in Xinjiang, quality, yield huge, Uygur has thus become the national per capita fruit most people. Some fruit is also made of preserved fruit, such as raisins, dried apricots, apricot kernel package, dried melon, peach skin and so on. Uygur is prohibited to eat pork, donkey, dog, and mule meat. Series is Uygur ethnic lamb flavor of food, and now out of Xinjiang,UGG boots cheap, in-depth inland towns, becoming popular in the country's ethnic snacks.
Uygur primarily an agricultural nation, have a long tradition of agricultural operations, according to the geographical environment in Xinjiang, the development of the oasis irrigation agriculture. The ancestors of the Uyghur oasis reclamation, digging the canal, and invented the Wheat is widely grown Uygur farmers agricultural crops. Favorable natural conditions in Xinjiang cotton, Uygur years ago, our ancestors began to cotton in 1000, in which good quality long-staple cotton, the most famous. Uygur specialty fruit is grown, there are grapes, cantaloupe, watermelon, pears, pomegranates, cherries, figs and so on. 11% of the population of Uighurs living in northern Xinjiang. Northern Xinjiang Uygur mainly engaged in animal husbandry, produced fine wool sheep, Ili horse, Yanqi very famous horse. Uygur handicraft has a long tradition in metallurgy, carved jade, textiles, brewing and leather processing, etc. have some success. Xinjiang is located in the Yarkand (now Yecheng), Kashgar, Aksu and Hamilton are the traditional commercial center.
inland Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of Eurasia. Altai north, south Kunlun, Altun, Southwest is the Karakoram and Pamir Plateau, the Tianshan things across the middle, to be divided into southern and northern Xinjiang. Between the Tianshan and Altai, Junggar basin, central basin is Gurbantunggut Desert, is a good winter pastures in northern, southern alluvial plain. Between the Tianshan and Kunlun Mountains Basin, Central Basin is the Taklimakan Desert, the edge of the oasis. The overall composition of the Xinjiang is also the world's farthest from the sea, surrounded by mountains in addition, gas is difficult to reach the ocean water to form a typical continental climate. The long cold winter, spring and short summer, sunlight, temperature difference between day and night, the annual sunshine time is long, low relative humidity. The Tianshan barrier, southern and northern climate there is an obvious difference. Southern warmer, less rain and snow, the average annual precipitation is only 50 mm, but the mountains, the plateau of ice and snow melt water around the Tarim Basin oasis provides irrigation water, while the Uighur oasis is inhabited by agricultural areas. Northern cold, rain and snow more, the average annual precipitation of 200 mm, 700 mm up to western Tianshan mountains above.
Xinjiang vast land, water, land, forests, biological, energy, metals and other mineral resources. The territory of the Tarim, Kashgar River, Kalakashi River Yarkand River, Irtysh River and hundreds of rivers, in addition to the Irtysh River into the Arctic Ocean, the other for the inland river, which is the most Tarim length of the inland river. There are more than 100 lakes within its territory, there was the famous Lop Nur, the existing Lake, Ebinur and so on. Tianshan and Altai Mountains have large tracts of virgin forest in the Siberian larch and spruce schrenkiana good quality material. Xinjiang Apocynum, rubber grass, Cistanche, snow lotus and other widely used rare plants, wild camels, Mongolian gazelle, antelope, Xuan Hu, silver fox and other wild animals and variety. Widely distributed within the oil and coal, large reserves. Geothermal, wind, solar abundant. Non-ferrous metals and minerals are widely distributed, forming conditions are good. Xinjiang is rich in grape, melon, watermelon, pear, apricot and fig, etc., enjoy the Moreover, China's three major pastoral areas in Xinjiang is one of very rich animal products. Xinjiang also a very attractive tourism resources. Famous natural scenic area has Heavenly Lake, Kanas Lake, Lake, Sailimu, Bayanbulak grasslands.
Uighur-dominated Xinjiang is a dozen areas where ethnic minorities live together. First, from the ethnic regional autonomy in Xinjiang to help ethnic minorities with small populations to establish appropriate autonomous areas began. 1953, has set up three townships; established in 1954, 5 autonomous prefectures and six autonomous counties. Xibe, Hui, Mongolian, Kirgiz,UGGs, Kazakh, Tajik and other ethnic autonomous areas have. October 1, 1955, according to National People's Congress resolution, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was formally established. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the northwest part of the motherland, an area of 1.65 million square kilometers, accounting for about one-sixth of the total area, is one of China's largest provinces. From east to south, and Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet, and neighboring provinces. Xinjiang has more than 5,000 km border line, from north to south in order with the Mongolian People's Republic, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India border.
Uygur culture and art has a long history, unique culture and the arts. Literary genre, the content is very rich, such as the spread so far in the narrative poem Rich oral literature of working people. Very wide spread of There are many excellent modern literary works, such as Mullah Yusu Fu Bin Mao Labi La Force Fu Moutari revolutionary poet writing in the Anti-Japanese War Virgin my family singing and dancing. In rural areas, marriage, holidays, welcome guests and all the happy occasion, young and old baskets police police dance song. Bowls traditional dance with dance, big encouraged hoop dance, dance and other Gupta, Yana Guangdong to 'frown Chu sin music, dance and folk songs from the form and content more rich, innovative, multi-mining. Uygur ethnic children water jacket sentence of ten species, commonly used for Seoul, Back in Gaochang Uighur period, there Uighur medical books, including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, skin respect, obstetrics and gynecology prescriptions, as well as food therapy. In the Yuan will be books translated into Uighur. Uygur medicine carried out exchanges and learn from. Uygur medicine to bile Jin Attention to check pulse diagnosis of disease, by inspection and interrogation. Treatment of medical disease within the next hope master server, the use of syrup and cream, both smoked drugs, take drugs, bleeding, heat, cupping, dietary therapy, and a dozen treatments for heart disease, Hepatology, stomach, stones, diarrhea, mental illness, Vitiligo cure dozens of diseases is higher. Surgical treatment of disease medication, dressing, baked method, hot foment, ligation and general surgery and other therapies. There is buried in the sand Turpan therapy, patients or lying or lying, or kneeling or sitting, as part of the body buried in hot sand treatment of disease. This therapy, the treatment of various types of arthritis, chronic low back pain, sciatica, vasculitis, chronic accessories have significant effects go far. In the pharmaceutical context, the composition of prescription drugs and vice principal drug of points, commonly used drug combinations, and more, 50 Herbs, less in 7 herbs, generally do not have a single herb. . After the founding of the party and government attach great importance to health of mining-dimensional consolidation, and is widely used in clinical practice. Set up a special research institutes and schools. Write and publish a medical history, theory, medicine, commonly used drugs, commonly used unilateral, internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, dressing and other aspects of medicine work a variety of. Uighur medicine is an important part of medicine.
Uighurs are generally small family customs, children separated from their parents after the wedding will be. Although the last line of monogamy. However, many arranged by parents, women's low status in the family. After the founding of the People's Republic has changed a lot. The elderly in the family and in society are respected.
Uygur farmers housing in general with earth building, with roof lighting, the house has a fireplace, wood cooking and heating. Useful for some people on the walls of plaster sculpture niches, are placed where household items, but also of art decorating the family. Moderate people's housing, there is room in summer and winter housing of the points. Their houses are generally cultivated with peach, apricot,cheap UGG boots, apple, mulberry and so on, often in front of creeping grape cultivation, the formation of the arbor,UGG bailey button, and some people grow a variety of flowers in the courtyard.
everyday foods Uygur farmers Nang (scones), pasta, pilaf, tea, milk and so on. Hospitality, festivals and happy occasion, usually eat pilaf. Sell the meat on the market, roasted Nang, thin-skinned dumplings, small dumplings, are one favorite food. Fruits and the Uyghur people's necessity.
Uighur cotton and cotton industry has a long history. General wear cotton clothing in the past. The robe worn by men known as All ages love Earrings, bracelets, necklaces women favorite decorations.
Uighur religion and festivals in ancient times believed in Shamanism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism, Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrianism), and Buddhism, the main religion of Islam after the 11th century. Most people in the Orthodox faith of Islam (Sunni), few people believe in Islam according to Shan School. After the founding of the People's Republic, who eliminated top religious interference in judicial (such as the establishment of religious courts) to interfere in education, the collection of religious taxes (if I keep Seoul, zakat, Cass Bristol), and other privileges, and normal religious activities are protected by law .
Uygur holiday are: Eid al-Fitr (Rouzi Jie), Id al-Adha (also known as Kurban sacrifice section or section), Nuo Luzi section. The annual Corban most solemn religious people frying San children every family, many people sheep chickens. Festival began, young and old shoots on each other thanks to new clothes section and exchanged holiday greetings.
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