Professor Li Weiguang Shanghai University of Finance and seven lectures

 Professor Li Weiguang Shanghai University of Finance lecture seven o'clock
2008-05-10
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Lecture Topic: Finance also power to the people of the Chinese traditional cultural resources
Speaker: Lee Wai-kwong (Tianjin University of Finance and Professor,
Location: White Hall first floor main points of order
Talk: Eastern carpenter
I. Introduction
a research direction I have long financial history of China. hi, see Ray Huang's class relations, land tenure, and cultural aspects of traditional methods.
experienced 30 years of reform and opening up, has moved from a highly centralized planned economic and political system, a gradual transition to today, the gradual economic transition to a market economy, .80 will have more complex political era tax cuts profit sharing, to 94 years on the property right represented by the tax system income, have been changed in recent years, but in general or to adapt to a centralized political system changes. It is reported that in the future there will be a big movement, but also on some major tax shift.
94 years, the key to the tax system, is on the central and local financial power to draw a legal boundary. development so far, but it does not match the financial power powers. In this case continues to move further to promote the financial power to explain the barrier (of course, Social Security, Medicare and the like always the government on public expenditure, income property rights must be played when the flag). these years than in previous years, as different methods, tools for rational analysis, a comparison can always get people to understand the conclusions. has now entered a people can not read, unpredictable phase.
construction of public finance that goal, since 1998 , has also been ten years in a row. the essence of the entire financial system, and ten years ago are no different. all these years we are talking about democracy, constitutional government, mainly from the intellectual traditions of Western thought and draw resources, and today I want to change a point of view, elegant look at our local resources, our ancestors, are we really only have the soil you thought dictatorship?
one of my students, a university in the United States, one day they came to the school governors, They chat, during which President Bush is aware of the state the legal limit, there is absolutely central and local leadership. We have been in a long time ago have this natural concept, but was later abandoned.
advocated revival of Confucianism in today was doubtful about the hope of a new Confucian recycling school system, but I think more like a revival of Confucianism after Emperor. May Fourth Down with Confucianism Confucianism standard-bearer who are themselves masters, they struck down by Confucius, Mencius, is it pre-Qin Confucianism it? < br> Chinese people in recent decades on the real Guoxue, the destruction of traditional culture is fatal to fix will not happen overnight. Renmin University of organizations to compile a set of Confucian classics, ten by. Why is ten by it, classics , lost by a music. Results Filial Piety as a substitute, also placed by the first ten, which in his view of Confucianism can not be accepted. today to see the real traditional Chinese culture, to go to Taiwan, and even to North Korea, South Korea , Japan. especially the one in the political, economic and all levels have completed the transformation of modern Japan, its traditional culture is also able to hold onto Harmony meantime, while we were still keen on the West to distinguish, isolate, when thinking of Western Finance mm history, intellectual history Oriental Financial, Western Economics, Chinese economics, etc., take a look at Japan, there will be deeper thinking.
Second, what kind of words to describe the traditional Chinese culture?
(a) of the brave The Antigone
the great Greek dramatists Sophocles (Sopho-cles) are the same Aeschylus, Euripides and said Europe's ancient Greek tragedy, one of the three. his life wrote a 130 tragedy, Intuit Baicheng attack their country. militaries died when fighting the two brothers kill each other, and their uncle are Weng Ke side pushed for the new king of the elders. Ke Wang Yung-side accusing Bo Lvnie carved Adams the capital of his ancestors and the family temple burned to the cleaners, you want to drink the blood of his tribe, so that the rest of the people to become slaves. This guy, I have declared all the people, must not buried, but also not allowed to mourn, than he body exposure to the birds and the dog swallowed, so that everyone saw he was too bloody insult! This is my courage! this time, there lived a beautiful girl mm Bolv Nie's sister Antigone carved Adams, stand out to bury her brother.
Antigone dares to defy the law world, Weng Wang Ke-side naturally very angry. The script is described this way:
Ke Ruiweng turn down her look and asked: do not know? It is published in. declared such a law, not the god of justice, the development of such people to comply with the Act, a mortal god command can repeal the law enacted Article eternal it? not limited to its existence today and yesterday, is permanent! I will not be so scared others in violation of heaven, so that before God to be punished. I know I will die, I do not feel the pain suffered this fate, but, if not bury his brother died, I would be painful to Pole! very, waves of applause. ancient Greek times, there are gods on the king. Our emperor is the emperor, on behalf of the day. is now official as control, fear of the emperor and even in awe of God.
(b) China separation of powers. Western secular power by the divine power from the initial to the constraints, weakening of divine right through the Middle Ages, the sky is followed by the constraints of parliamentary power.
academic habits of the medieval view that the West is dark, and do not, can only be described as a mess of the era. theologians of that era still have deep thoughts, have more free space. to 1215, the United Kingdom to a the basic shape of the. These changes, which runs through what is the theme of political symphony? is the national and the public see-saw on the pocketbook repeated contention. in the back and forth during the fight which lasted 400 years, there are countless war occurs, several unclear heads chopped off, the landing of the head, there is one called Charles I, there is one called the Louis XVI. It is said that the guillotine was invented design of Louis XVI himself, after the device appears to significantly reduce the suffering of the deceased and death among the gifted in the blink of an eye. And Louis XVI died before Charles I, can not enjoy this kind of advanced tools for reducing the pain he experienced executioner beheading is still the traditional kind of cruel process. Wen In this year's press conference spoke eloquently a researcher in our fiscal history of ideas seems very much in place, he said: not only economic development, but also the structure of society and justice. ; high degree of consensus. have had such an era.
Spring and Autumn Period, there is a written record of China and only time since the liberation of thinking big, big open era. philosophers, competition. there is no from the more recent constitutional democracy. there I, Chuang Tzu, Confucius, Mencius and some other ideological masters. In the West, only with more than ancient Greece. even more exaggerated to say that some of that when thinking of our ancestors, wisdom in terms of quantity and quality both at once rose to an unprecedented height, a lot of places down from the tree does not Westerners. the ancient Greek city-states, but 2 million people, China's population has broken millions of the time. Today the representatives mentioned the Chinese thinkers First, think of who? is still 2000 years ago Confucius, Mencius, Lao Tzu. Chinese thought is suddenly mature into a very high altitude, then there is no any progress on the long period of time.
than we can say that the Qin Dynasty progress in that? not. Today some of the words of Confucius and Mencius translated into the vernacular, I am afraid that can not be made in the newspaper, send up is a typical reactionary remarks. Former Qin period is open mind, not the emancipation of the mind said today, With the emancipation of thought is because, first of imprisonment, because you have not first to think twice before speaking, which would be wondering what to say if not to say, which would bend to angles and said, after what would you say if were arrested, after which you will then be invited to tea. Pre why there is such a lot of scruples when. We see some of those in power Mencius dialogue with other countries, often straight, no ruthless.
West The same is true of ancient Greece, Socrates went to the square, he found a man to discuss issues with him. ancient China there is no square, but the nations ah, but has not yet generated the household registration system, universities are free to moonlighting, publicity own ideas. At that time the monarch has not yet ideological preference for monopoly, because it is the views of the market, you who said yes, in my favor, I heard who. freedom is.
not alone respect, there is no book burning, and no Unity. I think the only use is much more than the book burning to be terrible, but also much more serious, and so therefore does not accept a particular ideology then put the heads off and then this idea into irrigation Replace it, this is called indoctrination. Today's education system is this ancient living fossil indoctrination to see a primary school student from second grade to the university before receiving a series of undergraduate education, it is. There are some people to the undergraduate later, to have the opportunity to open their horizons through a painful process of reflection values of the formation of a new world view, and more people are going to go out. such an environment, that there can be creative mind.
(c) For example
1, army may seize commanding every man not CAPTURE chih. (Zaihan)
a person can be nothing, but can not deprive him of his thoughts, ideas. Nothing can stop, you free will and desire. afraid of poverty, fear no blog, which is the ancient pursuit of value. not afraid of no blogs, not poor on the line as long as it is modern people's interest in taste.
2, Confucius said: Do unto others Do not impose on others. (Yan Yuan)
up a lot of people like to explain a moral sentence, they ignore the background, the many words of Confucius for the ruler said. phrase can come out of an equal rights, negative the aspirations of freedom.
3, benevolent thief that the thief, the thief that the righteous remnant; disabled person a thief, saying that one of the husband. Wen Zhou Kazuo punish men, and did not hear too regicide. (Mencius, under King Hui of Liang Chapters )
This is a dialogue between Mencius and King Xuan, King Xuan asked Mencius, saying that put Xia Jie Shang Dynasty King Wu week, is there this story? Mencius said, he said there in the literature above. Then King Xuan and asked Mencius, are all courtiers they Shang Dynasty King Wu of Zhou, the following make the mistake to their king to get rid of to get rid of, and this works it? Mencius said, undermine the love of the people people called scale of the moment, he will not have the qualifications of the king, the people the right to ask the king to change. This idea is not thinking What is the legitimacy of power?
I also very interesting. I was a weirdo. like today's angry youth on the network, cynical, look at the real world is not pleasing to the eye. I think the relationship between man and the universe, he saw other people, or people who think the level of human and social relations, that deficiency and clouds. the last one the Hangu Pass, to go. he really a philosopher.
these pre-Qin era thinkers, years later, in 1949, has been described as the textbook is to maintain the old system, pray for restoration of slavery, is behind the productivity and decay class spokesman. we must ask, is this? If not, then what in the maintenance of what they are?
three, Yap Community: Community Autonomy in Chinese history
(a) of the Yap Community Overview of co-princes in
Yu Tu, who executive instruments of peace for all nations. (Zuo duke Ai seven)
where ;. the average population of each country thousands of people, or thousands of people up and down. eup around, has a vast > Why can mobilize people, monarch can use the . Of course there may be some limited taxes.
Community monarch presided over the worship community and military operations, in addition to these two events, not be imposed on the people. eup surrounding community, resources belong to the public, shall not be exclusive monarch.
this arrangement, limiting the power of the monarch, so that the sovereign can not be too authoritarian.
(b) the political principles of the Community eup
first, relatively equal members of the Community, expand common interests in cooperation.
Second, community leaders are equal members of a member of its status negotiations by the elected members of the Community. In China, called the leaders on their own wisdom and capacity to achieve win the trust of other members of the leadership, and to the same fate with you through thick and thin, to be leading from the front face war;
Fourth, the community's economic resources (from the surplus product) can only be targeted for public affairs. such as flood, war, worship and so on. such as China's Community leaders who extract resources from society, must be taken into the system.
(c) of the Yap Community order and everyday life
Keming Junde to the pro clan. Aboriginal both harmony, Pingzhang people. people Zhao Ming, Concord nations. (Book? Yao Dian)
the rule of man, by virtue of the conditions is that it needs to be confined to one small community within the known each other, respect each other, like a big family. bow to each other but not see the rise of each other and know too much , the number of Offer Whose children, who are well aware of what each character, so that the rule of man, virtue, power costs are relatively low, it will be enough. Jun Shou Li bound by to maintain. ordinary people to follow the principle of ritual, building mutual trust and responsibility, is the more and more polarized, all decisions by the tribes of the General Assembly, each member has a voice. tribal leaders in the middle part of the people, rather than the people above the rulers. The King and the people live together, face to face, understand their needs, and directly for the people to set a moral example.
people have considerable political and economic rights, can not easily offended. gentleman on behalf of society in politics, bound monarch, reflecting the potential of a constitutional government, This is the Confucian ideal of the small community of independent political framework.
(d) you do can sing a song for me? mm Yap Community life examples
heart dirge singing voice of a sense of hair, chanting their words that poetry, chant the sound of that song. it has taken the ancient poetry of the officer, so the concept of king customs, knowledge gains and losses, Self government is also. mm Han? Wen Zhi Yi community in the era of
, kings because it is members of the Community consultation, elected, and he paid great attention to their own moral self-cultivation, attaches great importance to their voters, as in his evaluation. the people of the time, it maintains a blog custom songs to chant, sing through poetry express the views of national politics. In order to obtain feedback that public opinion, the King on the establishment of a poem collection officer to visit the people around, and said: br> Confucius said: truth, our ancestors have chic, comfortable, happy to survive.
that the do not believe? Look at the following song:
woman said the cock, who once said Mei. Zi Xing, as the night, the stars are rotten. will soar to Xiang, Yi teal and geese. Yi words combined with the child should be it. should be made by alcohol, old age together. of band at the Royal, everyone quiet good. Tomoko s to s, miscellaneous Perry to grant it. Tomoko The Shun, Pei to ask the hybrid. inform the child of a good, mixed with reports of wear.
mm MAK said Zheng Jiming
women quiet and peaceful picture of a repeat itself. star with Chan, I am sentence particular feelings. or early 90s of last century, when I went to visit the Wuyi Mountains, night time, the rise in the mountain, I was shocked, understand what Star bright, I found the original there are so many stars in the sky Even without the moon, bright enough to light up their entire mountain. Today the city can not see this human bright stars, dim stars can only see. natural, harmonious, peaceful society and life, there is no endless
two and a half centuries, small-eup, Dayi mergers, merger wars break. frequent military operations against the financial challenges presented vassal state. Since a large number of levies made the princes of States military service, public land generally abandoned collective farming system, military expenditure pressure on the monarch of the vassal state efforts to increase financial resources, so Yi autonomous community of the financial system was the monarch gradually replaced by the financial dictatorship.
background one: Spring and Autumn Period, the emergence of new production tools. iron, cattle cultivation of universal application. productivity of agriculture can make the leap as a stable, adequate source of tax revenue.
background II: cultivated area to expand, attract large numbers of people to flee from the public land reclamation on the had to reform. no land Hoda, only atrazine waited. (Book)
all the resources and the use value of the population, have monopoly in the hands of one person. entered into that stage of a society, we must only can count on the wisdom and virtue of individuals. met a wise ruler, community development; met a headed, the decline of society. This peculiar state of affairs continues to this day mm straight, if not days of the year 1992, Deng Xiaoping to the power of the South decrepit inspections pushing market reforms, in such a system, really hard to say how history will evolve later. Some people have called the incident the calculation, this is a unpredictable and full of risk society.
(b) of the new problems
First, sources with, and how to do it close up? Yap community into the old way is clearly not the financial , people do not agree, not hard to, but people also scored a go, monarchs do not want to.
Second, the public land barren and private Tianxing Wang, sources can not be guaranteed. War, depleted tax base equal to a dead end.
this time, out of a major event: Qiu Fu for sub-capacity.
production for sub-Qiu Cheng Fu, slander of the people, said: If the Ho? can not be changed. poem reads: l FELL not trespass, what shirt to hide. r I do not move carry on. ;
Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period more than occurred in the core of the reform is the reform of fiscal and taxation system, the main purpose of the country from the hands of money-grabbing people and wealth. to authorize the sign of the classical central and local ( primary) relationship has been completely eliminated. If the place also retains some rights, it is given by the king. was all political, economic, ideological and cultural changes have started this.
developed as social productive forces, mainly production (farming) tool of progress, from the bone into the past of iron, more and more people to cultivate the private land, private land is not taxable because of. Jun Fu collection policy, equivalent to without consultation with you, the political decision-making arbitrary will of the overwhelming diversity of individual people, the political is not sustainable. American slogan was is a meaning.
proposed a sub-wide political life of very important issues: the political legitimacy from? the direction of his thoughts and then forward a half step forward, that is, constitutional democracy. No matter what you want philosophy and policy guidance of a country, must, through established, the program was recognized by the people, then you only have the legitimacy of ideas and policies. On the contrary, no matter what your philosophy and how good the policy, built on top of that rule also does not have legitimacy. Zi Chan was an outstanding statesman Spring and Autumn Period. Zheng governance relies on sub-capacity personal moral and political capabilities, not the foundation of the system.
monarch break with traditional social restrictions, the establishment of support the financial system of absolute power of the three methods.
first way: If the already have.
consequences of these programs, Fear of freedom.
(c) the financial restructuring of the results of the Spring and Autumn and inspiration
results: increased power of the monarch, powerful monarch financial system.
a revelation, institutional change trajectory: from tribal buildings, each Union, the transition to a decentralized form of national organizations, the initial checks and balances, and finally evolved into Autocratic, by rulers solid solid . The so-called grassroots community, has long been wiped out along with the historical evolution.
Revelation II is based on the financial autocratic monarchy. monarch after the establishment of the financial dictatorship, is no longer required to bargain with any other political forces. Chinese society Tragedy and the paradox arises from: the supreme ruler of that any defense of freedom, so the grassroots of Chinese society have lost the vitality and dynamism.
five, Confucius say living in the Spring and Autumn Dynasty, the most dramatic in the process witnessed the worst merger stage, a far cry from the dictatorial era.
(a) I choose to
I a
small country. so that even Job of the device without; to death near the public re-migration. Although Zhou Yu, the non-high-risk, although Jiabing, nothing Chen. to make people re-tie knots and use it. Gan their food, their clothing beautiful , their homes comfortable, happy their custom. neighboring sea, just a few kilometers can hear the voice, the people to die of old age, not in contact with.
Yap community's political life.
I II
not Shangxian, so people do not fight; not treasures that are hard to make people not to steal; not see desire, their people into chaos. The wise are the rule also, empty their hearts, their bellies, weakening their wills, their bones strong; constant so that ignorant people, no desire too. the husband who did not dare to know, Fred is only, carry no dead.
I
I have three treasures, hold and protect it. The first is compassion, second is frugality, third is unimportance. Tsz it could Yong; thrifty and it could be wide; not first in the world, and it could synthesizers long. this house, and Yong Chee; homes thrift and wide; homes, and after the first; is dead!
as a ruler, often have to take the lead initiative and offensive mentality, hoping to create a miracle and miracles, hope that shocked the world, people become victims. so I have but one word, kill, not the courage to live is hungry. the people of the mild death, on the survival of its thick, is light to die. (seventy-fifth Chapter)
Minbuweisi of nowhere to be afraid of death?
is one of China's history Department of porridge in the history of ancient times, people are nothing more than to be able to map a bowl of porridge on the drink, this requirement is often not met.
(b) of the Confucian ideal choice to
Confucius political, that is, about a thousand to several thousand people that small community's autonomy. is to replace the community of autonomous function of state power, or to ensure the autonomy of community features? to thousands of small country, which is grass-roots social community with autonomy. trying to maintain the culture of the genes of this grass-roots community.
tyranny is fiercer than a tiger
Fu grabbing thin, the rich people carry on. (Administration Manager said Court b)
with which they have amassed the minister, Chen Ning has stolen . (University)
Ranyou amassed for the Jishi. Confucius, angrily: Non Wutu also, the kid can conquer sounding drum!
people enough, what with the lack of king? people lack what Jun and foot? ( Yan Yuan)
ride out, do not compete with the people; convenience, not amassed disturbing.
Save the love, so that people in time. (Science and)
inequality is not scarcity, is not suffering from poverty and suffering from anxiety. cover no poor, and non-widowed, peace without tilting. (Jishi)
Zi Gong asked the government, Confucius said: sufficient food, foot soldiers, the people believe the carry on. Zigong said: will not be to away, in Sri Lanka where the first three? said, to soldiers. Zigong said: Bip may not be away, in Sri Lanka where the first two? to food, are Mortal since ancient times, people have no faith can not stand.
This was explained when the central station is twisted. the people interpret the letter as class violence, you believe in a violent tools and means to do? people believe that the state's most important is to get the people's trust and authority. This is the most important task for political legitimacy, followed by food and clothing for the people to create the standard of living, and finally establishing a military arm.
(c) the realm of Mencius is a real man
Mencius, Mencius, the text is always refreshing to read blood boil. orthotopic thing in the world, traveling the world of the road. Keeping Pace with the people from which; frustrated, alone the road. wealth is not obscene, and rank can not be moved, incorruptible, what is called a real man. People thought
for your, boat followed, the king of light. Therefore in the people and the hill was almost as emperor. (Mencius b dedication under)
mu of the house, the tree of the mulberry, fifty-can clothing silk carry on. chicken dolphin Gouzhi of livestock, when not missing the seventies can carry on eating meat. acres of fields, do not seize the time, several members of the family to carry on without hunger. seventies who Yibo meat, Lebanon does not Cold and hungry, but not the king, not of a well. (on King Hui of Liang)
kitchen with fat, a fat horse stables; government of the people hunger color, picnic hungry die of hunger, the rate of animal and eat people! (beam Hui Wang on)
2, I love the old ideological
old, and the old man; child I young and immature person. (King Hui of Liang on Mencius b)
men suddenly see a Confucian will into a well, there are Chuti compassion. hh (Gongsun Chou on)
recent talk about freedom, equality, many do not talk about love. Now most Chinese do not believe is love.
3, Theory of Justice
govern is also. (Yan Yuan)
moral support from many persons, who finds scant support unjust. (Mencius b Gongsun Chou under)
Yan abuse of its citizens today, the king to the attack, the people that will save untold miseries have also, food basket for cooked rice to meet the king maker pulp division. (King Hui of Liang on Mencius b)
a state intervention in another country, if his people welcome such intervention, recognized that intervention, That is consistent with justice, that you can build your rule there, or else to come up the withdrawal. This is in fact unmistakably clear place among nations as a criterion of military intervention: human rights over sovereignty.
Jun are larger than the bridge, and repeated the not listening, then the translocation (Mencius b under Chapter million)
repeated admonition is still not turn over, it should be mustard, as the minister for the soil, the minister as the monarch, such as Kou Chou (Mencius b from under Lou)
4, constant production of
not have patience, constant production and, except as to persons. If the people, no constant production, because without perseverance. Gou no perseverance, put away evil spirits luxury, all as. and caught in sin, and then to Punishment, is ignored the people also hh (b Mencius on King Hui of Liang)
5, light duty concept
Shiren Zheng the people, the provincial penalties, thin tax convergence. (on King Hui of Liang)
changes of the Tianchou, thin the tax grabbing, rich people can have. (Mencius b Vila)
Dai Ying, saying: even one, to close the city of the levy, is now not, tap it, pending the coming year, and has been, how about? is Feijun Zi. r said: l loss of your monthly busy movement of a chicken, pending the coming year, and has been. r, such as ...